The nature of the Tomsk region
Climate
Temperature
The lowest temperature in summer: -1,6 ° C (1902). The highest winter temperature: +4 ° C (1948). Maximum temperature: +35 ° C (1975). Minimum temperature: -58 ° C (1931).

The climate is sharply continental.
Winter is long and severe. The average January temperature ranges from -19 ° C to -21 ° C.
Summer is warm, short. The average July temperature of +17 ° C to +19 ° C.
Precipitation 450-700 mm per year.
The growing period is about 125 days.
Relief
The largest swamp in the world
Vasyugan swamp area - 53 thousand. Km2.

Dominated flat, much wetlands West Siberian Plain; in the southwest region come within the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau. To the north of 58 ° north latitude preserved glacial landforms: moraine ridges, kame hills, lake-glacial depressions, etc..

The wide valley of the Ob divides the field into two almost equal parts: the left bank, which includes a vast marshy plain Vasyugan and more elevated right bank.

On the territory is more than 1500 wetlands, including marshes area of tens of thousands of square kilometers, an area of wetlands - 91 573 km2 (28.9%). 54.2% of the territory occupied by forests.

More than 85% of the territory belongs to remote areas, localities equated to the Far North. Highest point: 274 m, the lowest point is 34 meters above sea level.
Forest resources
The tallest tree
Larch growing in Kaltayskom forestry. The height of 35 meters thickness of 1.5 meters. Age of a tree about 300 years.

Tomsk Oblast is multiwood Russian regions: forests covered 60% of the territory of the Tomsk region, or 29 million hectares. Soils are mainly sod-podzolic and peat bog, in the south-east gray forest.

Total timber reserves of 2.6 billion cubic meters. m., including softwood - 1.6 mrld cube. m. In the year that can be harvested up to 27 million cubic meters. m. of wood, including conifers - 8.4 million. cubic meters.

Hardwood presented birch and aspen, pine - pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar Siberian valuable.

In 2014, in the Tomsk region harvested more than 2.8 million cubic meters. m. timber. The AAC used only by 6%. Harvesting and processing involved in more than 300 companies and organizations.

The main part of the timber industry production capacity is concentrated in Verhneketskom, Day, Teguldetskiy, Asino and Tomsk regions where timber is the dominant activity, as well as in the city of Tomsk.
Flora and fauna

Tomsk region abounds berry plantations: large areas occupied Malinniki, cowberry, golubichniki, bilberry, cranberry bog. Liberally grow currants, cherries, mushrooms, there are dozens of species of medicinal plants. Autumn is collected pine nuts.
The largest animal
Elk weight to 17-20 years can reach 500 kg.
Fauna is represented by 2000 species, of which fishery: brown bear, sable, squirrel, moose, etc. Are being hunting grouse, capercaillie, black grouse, waterfowl. Fish resources are represented by 15 commercial species, including valuable species of fish: white salmon, whitefish, sturgeon, sturgeon.
Water resources
The longest tributary of the Ob River in the Tomsk region
Chulym 1733 km, originates in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Surface waters of the Tomsk region occupy about 2% of the total. In the region there are:

* 16 000 rivers with a total length of 93,000 km, 573 rivers longer than 20 km;
* 62,739 Lakes water surface area of 3570 sq km, 35 lakes have an area of 5 square kilometers, more than 1,700 ponds and reservoirs.

Swamps occupy the whole 91 573 sq. km. The main river - Ob tributaries Tom, Chulym, Ket, Tym, Tea, Parabel, Vasyugan (duration of the navigation period of 170-180 days). The largest lake in the Tomsk region - peaceful lake in the Parabel district, its length is 6 km, the width of a little more than 3.5 km, water surface area - 18.4 square meters. km.
Minerals
The groundwater
At present, almost the entire population of the Tomsk region uses groundwater for drinking. Nevertheless, use of less than 1% of their resources.

The region is rich in minerals. First of all, the hydrocarbon feedstock oil, gas and condensate, as well as iron ore, peat, lignite, kaolin, refractory clay, glass sand, ilmenite, zircon sand, bauxite, zinc; discovered deposits of gold, platinum, titanium and zirconium.

In peat region ranks second in Russia.

Total estimated resources of ore with an iron content of more than 30% within the Tomsk region are estimated at 393 billion tons, which makes the region the world's largest iron ore province.

The most common minerals in the Tomsk region are fresh groundwater: http://www.if.tsu.ru/index.htm

Tomsk region occupies the south-eastern edge of the West Siberian plate, framed in the south of the area structures of the Kuznetsk Alatau and Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone.

The geological history of the region allocated Baikal-salairsky, Hercynian and Mesozoic geotectonic stages, corresponding to the formation of the lower, middle and upper structural stages. Two lower layers form fold basement of the plate, the top of the platform mantle.

The foundation is composed of metamorphosed and intensively dislocated effusive- terrigenous rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic breached by intrusions of different composition and age. The most ancient formations in the folded basement slabs are Baikalides. They are part of the Yenisey fold system in the north of the region, laid down in the Early Precambrian on the crust of the continental type, created by the splitting of the Proterozoic fold systems.

Education Salair stage form the basis of the foundation in the river basin. Chulym, to Tym-Ket interfluve and is the northern extension of Smith-Alatau. Salair fold structures are presented Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic metamorphic complexes. Fragments of these structures form horst uplifts which separate depressions of superimposed type, folded sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary deposits. In the west salairidy Beloyarskii limited in the east - Verhneketskim deep faults. The most ancient formations include Upper salairid amphibolite and marble Kirgislinsky complex, which in the erosive cut of the basement in the axial part of Yaya horst in the south-east region. The Cambrian terrigenous-volcanic deposits the incision Salair foundation, widely manifested ore-bearing hydrothermal metasomatism, the areas with sulfur-polymetallic mineralization.

The Hercynian stage of development of the territory under its prevailing deflection the accumulation of marine, coastal-marine, coastal and continental facies volcanic rocks. Formed terrigenous, terrigenous-carbonate and volcanic strata of Devonian and Carboniferous lie with an angular unconformity on the dislocated Salair basis. Because of the difference in depositional facies conditions Pritomsky area into two distinct structural-facies zones, different types of its sections: Kuznetsk-Alatau in the east and Kolyvan-Tomsk in the west: http://www.if.tsu.ru/index.htm

As part of the Paleogene system in the region highlighted the Palais otsena deposits, Eocene and Oligocene. By glauconite sandstones Eocene horizon Bakcharsky sedimentary iron ores, which forms together with the Narym and Kolpashevo iron-ore horizons Bakcharsky, Kolpashevsky, Parabel-Chuziksky Parabel ore nodes. In Tomsk immersion projection to the coastal-marine facies of the early-middle Eocene, the industrial zircon-ilmenite placer.

Oligocene is widely presented by alluvial and lacustrine-alluvial sand and clay deposits, in addition to containing zircon-ilmenite mineralization, lignite and brown coal. The coal-bearing Oligocene series are the raw base of brown coals of the Tomsk region.

Quaternary formations reflect the latest stage of raising the West Siberian Plain and its folded frame. Regional level Eopleistocene period reached the formation of lake-alluvial deposits Kochkovskaya suite containing pebbles at the bottom, having a value of the reference horizon. In the early-Middle stage on the West Siberian Plain was accumulated thick lacustrine and alluvial deposits. The association of a large part of the territory to the periglacial zone conditioned the rhythm of deposits: during interglacial periods the alluvial sediments accumulated in the glacial era - the lake. Since the late Middle Pleistocene to the present time there is a rise in the territory of the parallel split, forming the modern river network and deposits of the valley complex.

Minerals

In the bowels of the Tomsk region is rich in different minerals that comprise its resource potential: oil and gas, metal and non-metal minerals, brown coal, peat and sapropel, fresh drink, mineral, thermal and industrial underground water.

The most important energy raw materials are hydrocarbons, providing the highest level of budgetary recharge and investment inflow. Tomsk region is a part of the West Siberian oil and gas province and one of the leading regions of Russia for oil gas. In the depths of the promising land, divided into five areas of oil and gas (IEG), concentrated to 7.5 billion. Ton conventional hydrocarbons. The state balance includes 103 oil and gas fields. The explored deposits are located mainly on the left bank of the river. Obi at the Alexander Square, Kargasoksky Parabelsky and administrative areas within Sredneobskaya, Kaymysovskoy, Vasyugan Payduginskoy and NGOs. Prospects for the right bank of river. Ob (mostly gas) are connected with the study of Paleozoic Pre-Yenisei NGOs, covering the northeast region: http://www.if.tsu.ru/index.htm

Non-metallic minerals, which are raw materials processing enterprises, represented the industrial, mining and chemical raw materials and building materials. Deposits of industrial, mining and chemical raw materials, accounted by the State to gravitate to areas with superficially plunged basement in the south-east of the Tomsk region. The most representative species of this group of minerals are refractory clay, kaolin and quartz glass sand. Deposits of building materials that make up a group of common minerals, spread much wider.

In peat resources of the region ranks second in Russia. They are used very limited, as the accompanying minerals passing peat-bog lake genesis - phosphates, carbonates and lake sapropel. Unclaimed remains poorly understood and brown coals, which are valuable chemical-technological and energy raw materials. The primary targets for industrial development are Talovskoye and tuganskiy (overburden placer) deposits of lignite.

Large resources of fresh groundwater of the West Siberian artesian basin and partially interstitial waters of the Proterozoic-Paleozoic basement (in the south of the region) are the main source of drinking water supply. The region explored 31 deposits of fresh groundwater, including 21 - within the artesian basin. In deep horizons of Mesozoic deposits of the platform mantle, the mineral and thermal waters, as well as industrial water oil and gas deposits that contain high concentrations of a number of valuable components. For medical purposes 4 mineral water springs: http://www.if.tsu.ru/index.htm